Costco warehouse corp in 2012 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Costco warehouse corp in 2012 - Case Study Example This paper is going to analyze the success story behind this company and how it has managed to be very successful in 2012. 1. One of the strategy that this company has been able to utilize in order to attain success is to establishment of good employee relations. As a CEO Jim Sinegal managed to visit most of their stores. In a day he would visit 8-10 stores daily. As a CEO he was in charge to be a producer, director, and knowledgeable critic. The second strategy that this company has managed to use is the pricing. Following their mission, their pricing was aimed at encouraging customers to come to their shops. This means that their prices are always low. It is argued that the strong business relationship that Sinegal has with Wal-Marts CEO is a contributing factor to using this strategy. This is because Wal-Mart the largest merchandise producer in the US also utilizes similar pricing strategy. For quite a long time the pricing strategy for this company is to cap its markup brand name merchandise at 14% compared to other supermarkets which markup their merchandises at 20-50%. The company managed to desig n most of the basic products especially food to be equal or better quality than national brands. This was aimed at ensuring that the company provided quality goods at the least prices (Barrera). This strategy has been criticized by Wall Street Journalists as lowering the shareholders profits. However, the CEO of the company argues that their strategy caters for both the shareholders and stakeholders by providing them with quality products at the least costs while the company still makes higher profits. The other strategy that this company uses is the price selection. Most of the supermarkets like Wal-Mart would stock 40,000 or even 150,000. However, Costco’s strategy was to deploy only 3,600 active items in their shelves.

Accidental Death of an Anarchist Essay Example for Free

Accidental Death of an Anarchist Essay Q) Critically analyze the Figure of Madman in Dario Fo’s play The Accidental Death of an anarchist. A) Dario Fo’s play The Accidental Death of an Anarchist (1970) lies in the category of revolutionary theatre that challenges the fascist regime of Italy. The play is a farce based on events involving a real person, Giuseppe Pinelli, who fell or was thrown from the fourth floor window of a Milan police station in 1969. He was accused of bombing a bank. The accusation is widely seen as part of the Italian Far Rights strategy of tension. Just like Fo’s other play, this play is also funny and subversive and shows a strong preference for the culture and traditions of the ordinary people and a commitment to the left wing politics. The play moves quickly through a series of farcical situations and exposes the hypocrisy and anti- people character of the bourgeois society and the so called sacred institutions- the police, the judiciary, the religion and the media. The play was originally written and performed in Italian in 1970 and first English translation was done in 1979. Central to the play is the character of The Madman, who is the prime protagonist of the play. Through the story of the madman in a police station Dario Fo has a created a classic example of exquisitely political theatre with a comedy that begins from being realistic, (the stage setting is of a realistic, ordinary police station) moves towards the frankly implausible (the madman, the inspector, the superintendent and the constable singing the song of anarchists in the police station), reaches to the level of grotesque (the constant punching and kicking of Bertozzo by the police officials, and the falling eye) until it ends with a hilarious and ludicrous climax. He (the madman) invents dialogue based on a paradoxical or on real situation and goes on from there by virtue of some kind of natural, geometric logic, inventing conflicts that find their solutions in one gag after another in correspondence with a parallel political theme, a political theme which is clear and didactic. You are moved and you laugh but above all you are made to think, realize and develop your understanding of everyday events that had escaped your attention. Franca Rame on The Character of Madman in Accidental Death of an anarchist The madman is not just a character in the play, but he acts as a literary device in the play. He provides most of the humor content of the play. The madman is whimsical and he constantly contradicts other characters as well as himself. His series of logical/illogical arguments becomes impossible to tackle and it frustrates the Police Department. Even though being termed as psychologically unfit, the madman appears to be the most intelligent character in the play. He ridicules the police officials for missing out on the basic concepts of English grammar and the use of the most important â€Å"COMMA† that changes the meaning of a sentence. He dictates the terms of law and judiciary to police officials. He is extremely sarcastic. He ridicules the superintendent for assuming the railway man planted the bomb in railway station without any substantiate evidence and sarcastically rebukes the â€Å"kindergarten logic†. The people in power appear to be inhuman and brute in their actions, and the â€Å"sacred† governmental place, the police station appears to be a madhouse or a slaughterhouse. The madman, even though he is mad appears to be the sanest character in the play. In fact, he appears to be directing the play according to his wishes. Suffering from a disease of enacting people, he sees the world as a stage and other people as his fellow characters. He warns Bertozzo that soon he is about to be punched by Pisani and warns him to duck. Bertozzo ignores the directorial warning of the madman. Later he tells the superintendent to stop playing around and â€Å"keep to the script†. The actions of the play move around as the madman says and everyone does what he asks them to. Bertozzo, who defies the madman’s instructions, keeps on getting punched and thrown out. Hence, Fo, in his play, takes the power out from the hands of the police, the judiciary, and the media and gives it to the representative of the lower section of society, the madman. By pretending to be, in turn to be various figures of authority – psychiatrist, professor, magistrate, bishop, forensic expert – the Maniac forces officials to re-create the events with the purpose of showing the inconsistencies in the official reports of Pinelli’s â€Å"leap† and to confess their responsibility in the anarchist’s death. The madman manages to create mayhem within the policeman, representatives of law and order and figures of authority are made to appear ridiculous and a target of laughter. He exposes how people in power are all in collusion to save their own. Now I am about to show some of the theatre/TV productions of the play and give brief comments on how the character of madman operates in them. Firstly, take a look at the 1983 British TV movie that was telecasted on Channel 4. In this production, the original Italian setting is mixed with contemporary references to Thatchers Britain. 1) In the beginning itself, various impersonations of the madman are shown pointing towards the crime committed by him. 2) The madman constantly points towards the audience that is standing upwards, and the crew, and chats with them. And he talks to the director about the censorship laws on television in Britain, when the inspector says The â€Å"F† word. (5 minutes 30 seconds). 3) In the play, not only the madman enacts different roles, but the same constable is used on the 2nd floor and the fifth floor and also as a liftman. The madman here is concerned with anti materialist sentiment as well. The madman remarks about the fact low budget of the show saying, â€Å"Couldn’t they get a different actor to play you? Who’s directing this thing, Ian MacGregor?† (17 minutes) and the Maniac, â€Å"This is commercial television in crisis!† Similarly, in The IIT production of the play, which is performed in India, in Hindi, the references are converted according to Indian settings and sentiments. 1) The University of Padua is converted into University of Patiala. The madman teaches the Hindi vowels to the constable and the policeman. (4:30) (A aa e ee) 2) The police inspector in the 6th minute of the play says to the madman that he’s madder than the madman. As I said above the madman appears to be the sanest of characters in the play. My fair Heathen Productions in their September 2007 production actually used a woman for the role of the madman. Hence the madman is enacting as a madman from the beginning and in fact is a mad woman. This does not bring a significant change to the play, except probably the so called marginalized figure of a madman, becomes a more marginalized figure as in this production it’s a woman, who comes to a male dominated domain and creates havoc in the lives of the men from powerful sections of the society. Hence, different theatre companies have used different types of madman to heighten the message of the play.

Full Play To The Positive Backwash Effect

Full Play To The Positive Backwash Effect Abstract: Backwash has usually been described in terms of the effect of testing on language teaching and learning. Backwash can be harmful or beneficial, as Arthur Hughes states. (Hughes: 1989) This paper set out to see how far this term can be applied to the ways in which both the students and teachers can benefit from language testing. Key words: positive backwash beneficial testing motivation validity and reliability I. The Backwash Effect and the Learners In language learning, two terms are often mentioned, instrumental motivation and integrative motivation. Instrumental motivation refers to the utility value of the language itselfthe usefulness of English as a tool in learning, commerce or international communication. Testing process instrumental motivationcandidates usually take test to further their educational or career prospects. If the testing brings the positive backwash effect into full play, it will motivate the candidates to learn better after they know what they have achieved and what they need to catch up with. But if the result of the testing is simply given as pass, fail, or a mark, the candidates will surely be demotivatedthey do not know what they have to remedy. Another serious situation is that the tests are set by outside bodies which establish their own syllabuses, standards and criteriathe language learners are trained some skills which are necessary for their future learning but the tests do not provide the corre sponding item to measure the learners ability. That is the extent to which the learning required for the testing is apparently relevant to classroom learning or the need of the learner has been limited. As Hughes pointed out, If a test is regarded as important then preparation for it can come to dominate all teaching and learning activitieslearners are misled to strain every nerve to get by it. Which thus hinder the normal sequence in both learning and teaching? II. The Backwash Effect and the Teachers All teachers are motivated by the testing and angle their teaching to what is being tested. Because they believe: Motivation of the students is one of the most important factors influencing their success or failure in learning the language. (McDonough, 1986) They also consider that the influence that the testing has on teaching is either positive or negative. The negative backwash effect is likely to be greatest where teachers are inexperienced or lack of confidence. If the teachers do not know how they can teach under the binding force of the testing and do not know well to develop the materials arranged according to the subject, the teachers will be de-motivated and puzzle over the direction which they should head for. But if the teachers know how to make the testing an impetus to promote their future teaching, by identification with the other teachers outside the college they know what success they have made .It will even drive them to put double effort into the future job. Theref ore, it is important that testing should reflect the skills and approaches of the progressive language teachers and make better use of the testing to encourage teachers in their training. The greater positive backwash effect, the more teachers are likely to be motivated by the testing. III. The Development in the Testing In the past few years, with the development of the training projects, the research in this field is on its way to the progress. Instrumental motivation in language testing has been retained (learning is still connected to promoting, enrolling and earning) but testing is acquired an integrative dimension. So many changes taking place in the testing have been contributed to this dimension: 1. A change in the underlying theory of language learning. 2. A change in the approaches to language teaching. 3. A change in the purposes or testing. 4. A change in the criterion for evaluating a language testing. 5. A change in the testing concerning all the aspects of language teaching. When we set language tests, do we really test the candidates language ability? Are we really trying to test what can enable candidates to use a language effectively? Language teachers we have been told, when act as a tester, must concern with a whole host of different validity and reliability factors. Certainly, in language testing just as much as elsewhere, validity and reliability are important. But a valid and reliable test is of little use if it does not prove to be a practical one as Weir stated, This involves questions of economy, ease of administration, scoring and interpretation of results. The longer it takes to construct, administer and score, and the more skilled personnel and equipment that are involved, the higher the costs are likely to be.(1990) So how to achieve satisfactory reliability tests, how to enhance validity of the testing and how to make the tests more practical have become language teachers major concern. IV. Practical Concerns in Evaluating Tests Tests are means of gathering information. They are constructed according to certain criteria which are intended to safeguard the quality of this information. as Nunan once said, and it is easy to reach the agreement that the teachers should test what they require the learners to do. Nunan. D also said, It is important that, in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a given curriculum, all elements be inter-grated, so that decisions made at one level are not in conflict with those made at another. For instance, in courses based on principles of communicative language teaching, it is important that these principles are reflected, not only in curriculum documents and syllabus plans, but also in classroom activities, patterns of classroom interaction and in tests of communicative performance. (Nunan, 1987) In China a criterion-referenced test which is named TEM 8 (Test for English Majors Grade Eight) is discussed here for us to assess and discuss in detail whether this test can achieve beneficial backwash and how we can improve the backwash effect of the test. According to Hughes, there are eight steps to make our ideal into realities: 1. Test the abilities whose development you want to encourage. 2. Sample widely and unpredictably. 3. Use direct testing. 4. Make testing criterion referenced. 5. Base achievement tests on objectives. 6. Ensure test is known and understood by students and teachers. 7. Where necessary, provide assistance to teachers. 8. Count the cost. Lets look at the diagram below which collates the difference between the syllabus designed for Language teaching and that designed for tests (TEM8) Syllabus designed for language teaching Syllabus designed for test TEM 8 Listening: Listening: To understand VOA and BBC program from on -the -spot reporting concerning about the politics, economy, culture and education technology, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1. To understand all kinds of English conversation and speech, or interview, or special topic debate on the communicative occasion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ According to the editors Messina and Feng Qinghua, the practice test chosen here is entirely based on the teaching syllabus of English major and TEM8 syllabus in higher education. From the diagram, we can draw a conclusion that the TEM8 test is basically based on the principle that language should be test in the same way as it is taught. The listening task is divided into two parts. The former part contains: (1) talk; (2) conversation; (3) news broadcast. There are fifteen multiple-choice questions as a whole. The latter part contained: (1) note-taking; (2) gap-filling. In writers opinion the structure of the test accords with Weirs theory. The advantages of employing multiple-choice format largely are that scoring can be perfectly reliable and scoring can be rapid and economical. The advantage of not employing multiple-choice format largely is that it prevents the learners from getting the harmful backwash. Hughes also has a comment on it: It should hardly be necessary to point out that where a test which is important to students is multiple choices in nature, there is a danger that practice for the test will have a harmful effect on learning and teaching. Practice at multiple choice items (especially when, as happens, as much attention is paid to improving ones educated guessing as to the content of the items) will not usually be the best way for students to improve their command of a language. (Hughes, 1989) For the note-taking, as we have no listening recording of the test in hand, however, having carefully examined the tape-script and the key answers to it, we notice that although the test focuses on whether the students have received the massage that was intended to, the material is not spoken test. In real life situation, the listeners mostly have contextual clues to facilitate understanding, it is extremely difficult for students to backtrack and focus on very specific feature of discourse while listening to and attempting to understand a non-interactive, uninterrupted monologue. (Weir, 1990) Therefore, preserving the spoken text should be in the testers consideration. In TAKE NOTE written by Michael Berman, he points out that the note-taking materials should be suitable for the study of styles and registers in contemporary English; during the process of listening, it is very important to be possibly assisted by questions from the speaker and the candidates should be encouraged to write in their own words, to centralize on elements of major importance and use key words abbreviations or symbols; they should be reminded that there is rarely time or need for direct quotation. (Berman, 1980) Look at the criterion of the scoring and the key to the note taking of this test; it does not have this attempt. Should it be improved later on? It is still a question as far as the beneficial backwash concerns. Having consulted the sources of the reading materials of the test, they are seen that native speakers wrote them all. It is in accordance with Hughes theory that the direct testing implies the testing of performance skills, with texts and tasks as authentic as possible. (Hughes, 1989) So one thing also deserves our attention, that is, both syllabuses in above diagrams are widely arranged for the requirement of the learners. The likely outcome is that much preparation for the test will be limited to it. The positive backwash effect will be hence in full play. V. Conclusion As Hughes says that the best way to test peoples writing ability is to get them to write. Hughes makes further his theory by saying that (1) We have to set writing tasks that are properly representative of the population of tasks that we should expect the students to be able to perform. (2) The tasks should elicit samples of writing which truly represent the students ability. (3) It is essential that the samples of writing can and will be scored reliably. TEM8 test is basically based on this theory. Only when we fully realized that the students and those responsible for teaching know and understand what the test demands of them, and the sample items made available to everyone concerned with preparation for it, the test can increase its reliability. (Hughes, 1989) Different attitudes and approaches to syllabus design and testing can be put on a continuum. (Hu, 1988) Tests exist to enable learners to make retrospective statements about the effectiveness of learning. If we are really trying to test what it is that enables a person to sue a language effectively, as a language teacher we have to take into account a multiplicity of factors that involved in the testing. Thus the teaching was tied very closely, right from the start, to learners real needs. A test designed to meet these needs. A test designed to test effectively both language knowledge and language skills. The most important of all is that it has been possible for the authorities to practice TEM for about three years, then the test can be further developed into a more satisfying one based on the linguistic fundamental criteria and the test can create more positives for the learners. It is up to us language teachers future effort.

Dustin (Narration) Essay -- essays research papers

Composition One: Narration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can remember receiving the news like it was yesterday even though it feels like a lifetime since I last heard Dustin’s high pitched laugh. It’s still hard for me to talk about his suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Dustin had angelic features, such as light green eyes, dark blonde hair, and a smile that would get him out of anything, he was no angel. I remember the time he shot the windows of the bus with his B.B. gun or the time he put a flower in the ditch then gave it to the bus driver. He wasn’t too fond of the bus driver.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was always the first to try something new. when we went to San Antonio for vacation, there was a cliff that over looked the water and we were all scared to jump. Well, everyone except Dustin that is. I guess that’s the ironic part of his death, he was the first person almost everyone at school knew who had committed suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was no later than 10:30 when, I was sitting in my Health class. I just opened the Health book, was flipping through the pages and I wasn’t paying much attention to Coach Andree’ when the intercom came on. â€Å"Coach Andree’,† the secretary announced. â€Å"Yes,† he answered. â€Å"Would you please send Dara Wilson to check out?† â€Å"Sure will.† he responded.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I got up, packed my bag, and started walking out. I smiled at my friend Beau who said â€Å"you’re so lucky.† I had no clue why I was checking out, but I knew something wasn’t right. I started thinking of all the bad things that could have possibly gone wrong. I knew my brother went out the night before and he hadn’t come home when we left for school that morning, so I was worried about that. Maybe something had happened to him was all that was racing through my mind. I didn’t even notice that Dustin was absent that day. I walked up the hall to the office, a walk that was prolonged by the impatience of my curiosity. I wanted to know why I was leaving, especially so early in the school day. When I got to the office, I saw my Nanny Lisa there, all I could think was something was wrong with my mom or dad. I could read the sadness on the secretaries faces. Nanny Lisa was facing towards them and all I could see was her wavy fire red h air. Once she realized I was behind her, she turned to me and said the words that cha... ... a prayer for him and his family. It was a great amount of people in that hall, but not even one-fourth of the amount of people they had at the wake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wake was held two days later. There were hundreds of people, I never even realized how many people he had affected. Dustin’s family insisted on an open casket, to show all the children the effects of suicide, the reality of suicide. It was the saddest experience of my life. I didn’t feel as though I lost a friend, I felt like I had lost a family member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I once thought of suicide when I was depressed, but I have now seen the tolls that suicide takes on loved ones. I now realize that life is precious and I realize that all actions have consequences. Dustin was always the first to try something new, different, or scary. His death helped me grow up, and stop being as superficial. It helped me change my opinions on suicide. I once thought of it as an only escape from life or hard times. I now see that suicide only causes more problems. I now realize that suicide is the most selfish act a person could do. Dustin taught me that and I wish I could thank him personally for that.

Discrimination Against Women Essay

The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. From equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period,to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in India including that of the President, Prime minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition. As of 2011, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (Lower House of the parliament) both are women. However, women in India continue to face discrimination and other social challenges and are often victims of abuse and violent crimes and, according to a global poll conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the â€Å"fourth most dangerous country† in the world for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 countries. History Ancient India Scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life.[11] However, some others hold contrasting views.[12] Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period[13][14] Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband.[15] Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.[16] There are very few texts specifically dealing with the role of women;[17] an important exception is the Stri Dharma Paddhati of Tryambakayajvan, an official at Thanjavur around c.1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly behaviour dating back to the Apastamba sutra (c. 4th c. BCE).[18] The opening verse goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam hi : women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (â€Å"bride of the city†). Women competed to win the coveted title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu. According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early Vedic period.[19] However, later (approximately 500 B.C.), the status of women began to decline with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and with the Islamic invasion of Babur and the Mughal empire and later Christianity curtailing women’s freedom and rights.[7] Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions.[19] The practice of child marriages is believed to have started from around sixth century.[20]

A Progressive Democracy essays

A Progressive Democracy essays The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposing corruption, improving the way of life, expanding democracy, and making reforms were the objectives at hand. Many American citizens eagerly demanded a change in numerous areas such as business, labor, the economy, and an increase of democracy. Democracy flourished during the Progressive Era. Many new plans were constructed to help the American People. This was the true goal of all Progressives, to help the American society. The progressive period was marked with the arrival of three great presidents: Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson. All three of these presidents fought for the common good of the people. Teddy Roosevelt was known as the "trust buster" and that is exactly what he did to help control big business. Many large corporations had complete control of the services that they were selling. Roosevelt went in to these companies and helped to stop this type of monopoly. The biggest trust that Roosevelt busted was the one involving Northern Securities and J.P. Morgan. Roosevelt was also a big supporter of labor he tried almost everything and anything to help the citizens of the United States. Teddy set up child protection laws, which were used to prevent children to work in factories, and it also reduced the amount of time they worked. Roosevelt also set up workman's compensation, which is a payment that employers had to pay workers who got injured on the job. This not only helped families to keep going during a time of tragedy but also allowed to workers to have a fair time to regain strength in order to return to work. Roosevelt tried his best to help consumers. He proposed to congress the Pure Food and Drug Act. Teddy demanded that congress pass this act because he thought the way consumers were being treated was wrong. This act was used to protect citizens from unsafe medicines and food. The Meat Inspect...

Essay on Encyclopedia of American Business

Essay on Encyclopedia of American Business Essay on Encyclopedia of American Business Essay on Encyclopedia of American BusinessThere is no doubt that the dramatic period of the 1960s and early 1970s was a time of significant changes characterized by one of the most severe crises of the capitalist system itself. In those times, it was possible to see various changes concerning the emergence of new nations all over the world, the appearance of insurgent movements, struggling to overturn the existing governments, the establishment of countries that grew in order to become economic powerhouses and then to complete with the United States, and the rise of economic relations that came in order to predominate in the world and recognize the fact that military operations could not be the only possible way for expansion or growth.In fact, during those critical times, the administration of President Richard Nixon greatly responded to the dramatic changes of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He not only continued the attack against crime, but also approved the Equal Rights Amendmen t to guarantee equal rights for women.However, one of the most remarkable changes of those times was considered to be intervention in the marketplace. The government launched many new programs that completely contributed to the country’s prosperity. Oddly enough, but spending financial resources on both wars (the Vietnam War and the war on poverty), greatly contributed to the country’s prosperity in the short-term perspective. However, the government’s inability to raise taxes in order to cover those efforts has led to inflation that completely destroyed this prosperity. As a result, President Nixon ‘imposed price and wage controls’ (Folsom and Boulware 364) as well as rent-control laws in order to take control over inflation.In conclusion, the dramatic period of the 1960s and early 1970s was a time of significant changes characterized by one of the most severe crises in all the spheres of people’s lives. Indeed, one of the most remarkable ch anges of those times was intervention in the marketplace. It was primary characterized by price and wage controls as well as rent-control laws.

The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay Example

The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay Example The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay p. 9. Collins, G. (1997, January 9). With Mexican Food Tamed, Big Business Looks Abroad. New York Times. Retrieved from http://nytimes. com Garson, M. (2009, November 3). Tribal Elder, Dinee Navajo Nation. (T. J. Smith, Interviewer) Kolpas, N. (1982). The Gourmets Lexicon, 165. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons. Simone, J. (2009, May 27). As American as General Tsos Chicken. Campus Progress. Retrieved from htp://www. campusprogress. org Zender, J. (2009, November 12). Executive Chef. (T. J. Smith, Interviewer)

Bus 617-week 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bus 617-week 12 - Essay Example It varies from the day and individual. Cafeteria benefits allow the employee to choose benefits from array of menu benefits. First the employer must identify the benefits package. This will help to evaluate and monitor whether benefits objectives are meet in a set targets of goals. The benefits improve the employee morale, productivity and motivate the employee. The flexible benefits are synchronized with other social insurance programs that employee subscribes and the organization pays to maximize the benefits and reduce the risks of the employee. With updated communication on the benefits programs the employee confidence grows and organizations’ values are meet. The benefits choice highly influences the employee satisfaction toward the organization (Raymond A. Noe, 2011). Self managed teams incorporate a wide range of benefits. With team decision making capabilities, productivity is improved, there is a high interconnection between the employees and there can be negotiated flexible benefits depending on the job roles and responsibilities. Depending on the personal life different employees have different scope of priorities. Thus a health care plan may differ according to responsibilities and personal life. A 55 yrs. old man need a cover for himself, and the wife and the rest cover channeled to other retirement plans where as a 30yr old single mum needs a comprehensive cover for herself and children. All these scenarios can be negotiated on a team level and budgeted for with little input for he management. The team can decide on the flexibility of the job apply mode of flexibility depending on the work schedules and responsibilities of each employee. The compressed work schedules can be incorporated for the employees who are furthering their studies externally. The tele-commuting can be applied for the sales and marketing workers who’s productivity is measured via the sales targets and other factors and have a little to do in daily production of

The Differences between State and Federal Power Essay

The Differences between State and Federal Power - Essay Example The Federal government is also vested with the power to mint currency, set the standards for weights and measures and to ensure there is currency regulation. The components of the United States of America constitution that describe and detail the powers extended to the federal government are article one on the congress, article two on the presidency and article three on the judiciary (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). The exclusive powers extended to the state governments include, issue of licenses in the individual states, conducting of state or local elections, regulation of commerce between states and the provision of public health and safety in individual states. They also include punishing of criminals, making marriage laws, licensing of professionals and control of public education, and regulation of alcohol among others. These exclusive powers as vested in the United States of America constitution allow the states to make laws and decisions that cannot be interfered with by the federal government. Just as in the federal government, articles one which deals with the executive, two which deals with the legislative and three which deals with the judiciary are the parts that detail the powers extended to the state governments. This is because all state governments have constitutions that are modeled after the federal constitution, which has a legislative, executive and judicial arm. Power limitations of the federal government were mostly introduced to curb the possibility of a federal or national government that would extend its unbounded power to the states and trample on their natural rights. The said limitations were vested in the bill of rights, which was ratified in 1790. The ninth amendment, for example, states that since the people are the origin of all power, that they have more power than that which is vested in the

Value Creation In E-business in Xtra Company Case Study

Value Creation In E-business in Xtra Company - Case Study Example This is the project plan. The motivation for adopting IS Development is the improvement of efficiency, protecting market share, assisting in innovative activities, and increasing, productivity and profitability. (Wang et al, 2004; Pateli & Giagles, 2004). What the company is selling is a novelty item that catches the attention of Hollywood fans and moviegoers. What they only have to do is to be able to reach a wider market based and the moment that they can establish a wide market, they have to come up new means of reaching it. And the way to reach it is via eBusiness. The transition to eBusiness requires two important aspects of the internal aspect and the external aspect. In the internal aspect what is necessary are the following: effective individual, effective team and an effective organization. In the external aspect what is needed include the basic website, interactive website and e-commerce. These two aspects should converge for the plan to work (Arunatelika & Gigi, nd). Furthermore, of primary importance is the satisfaction of the customers.customers have greatly appreciated the personalized services that they have been receiving in the virtual market (Dubosson-Torbay et al, 2001). And Xtra Company cannot deviate from this trend, this current value creation in e-business (Ahmet & Zott, 2001). With all the important points laid down, the plan is simple, they are going to use the internet to sell their products. As such, they have to create the IT structure, the creation of an interactive website and e-commerce should be undertaken. But it is not only that, they should have good collaboration links with the suppliers, links with the distributor and definitely a good interactive website that can be accessed 24/7. Aside from that, they should have a strong IT infrastructure, Business systems, IT policies, IT security measures and IT maintenance. Likewise, they also have to establish a strong and effective organization who are made up of people who are h ighly motivated, of a team that shares the vision, goals and values of the company.  Ã‚  

Elements of Genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of Genre - Essay Example Thrillers are meant to instill a high sense of excitement in the movie-goer, as well as a good amount of anxiety, high-heart rates, and nervous tension as the characters struggle for survival against both internal and external survival threats. Directors use these elements of tension masterfully on their audiences, and can easily manipulate an audience’s level of anxiety or suspense with clever usage of music, action sequence, and dialogue. Movie-goers willfully oblige the director, eager to suspend belief and throw their emotions into the director’s crafty hands which increase or decrease the related tension and anxiety throughout the film as they bring the audience along for the ride. In three â€Å"thriller/suspense† genre films, â€Å"The Black Lagoon,† â€Å"The Planet of the Apes,† and â€Å"The Shining,† the directors masterfully utilize these elements to build tension and anxiety in the movie-goer. In all three movie clips, there is a noted lack of dialogue and a reliance on music and mood to increase the tension in the scene. The directors use music to build tension and signal to the movie goer that action is about to take place, create a crescendo of tension, and also bring the viewer down from the thrills he or she just experienced.

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example Either consciously or unconsciously these variables influence on residents’ health behaviour significantly. Urban planning and design may affect human personality and its behaviour in multiple ways: to a greater or lesser extent all people are the products of their areas. Already in the late XIX century French sociologist F. Siegfried defined that there are several major cleavages in society that affect human mentalities and behaviour. The most important of these cleavages was the one between cities and towns. Presumably, city planning may be one of the most important factors that determine differences between the residents. Intensification of city’s life on human mentality and behaviour requires, hence, more in-depth analysis. Speaking from this perspective, favourable or unfavourable planning may shape people’s health behaviour and, respectively evil or good health habits. Statistic shows that percentage of children-smokers may be higher in the neighbourhoods where the average percent of smokers is greater. People who live in more favourable areas may be more devoted walking, running or outdoor activities than those who live outside the recreation options. Observing Suarez (2000) narrow streets, wide sidewalks, and accessibility of commercial to residential areas make walking easier and much more pleasant. Reversely, poor street design with garages, fences and plenty of barriers for neighbour-to-neighbour communication have altogether negative effect on human health behaviour. Besides, the areas with worse transportation systems, poor night lighting, etc. may be in their turn more dangerous for the residents and have higher criminal statistics. In this project I will attempt to study the correlation between area’s night lighting and criminal rate. A number of disciplines, including criminology, sociology, psychology and architecture, seek to explain crime from their particular perspectives. Many of

Globalization of trade and business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalization of trade and business - Essay Example It was in many ways easier to change the focus, and praise the British for leading the world in abolishing the Transatlantic Slave Trade and slavery. There had been an unprecedented campaign by the middle class across the country, which could be turned to national advantage. The Royal Navy was attributed with a new moral mission. We could now paint a picture of slavery as an historic phenomenon, and to contrast it with a modern enlightened citizenship. That would be comfortable and convenient, but false. The tensions between property rights and human rights, which have been discussed since the Ancient Greeks, continue today. Globalisation means that international law now has to rise to meet the challenge of reconciling different traditions. It is not clear that the transition has been fully completed in the UK, as in other countries. Whenever governments emphasise their support for business as a priority, this may be interpreted as possibly implying further adverse consequences for other human beings. There are still silences to be broken. This declared recognition of human rights, as a consequence of abolition and emancipation, was at the expense of property rights and economic freedom for employers. Capitalists could emphasise profit over human rights, and demanded a laissez faire approach to regulation and legislation. Can one human being own another, or must they find ways of working together as fellow citizens Working together requires some kind of mutual recognition as fellow human beings and citizens, on the basis of acceptance of parity of esteem. In turn this assumes some degree of acquaintance and familiarity, meaning that people need experience of more than their own immediate social group. Rigid systems of social class represent obstacles. There is such a thing as society. It is not just a matter of individuals and their families. We need to deal with a wider range of relationships. In addition, we need to recognise the diversity of relationships that can be considered under the same headings. At work, where there are employers and employees, it is hard to envisage a model of citizenship based on full equality. Clearly the power is not equally distributed. In a capitalist society, property rights of the owners have implications for the workers. Adam Smith pointed out the distinction between owners and managers, and complained that the latter group, who are simply one category of employees, can tend to act as if they were the owners. He lamented the consequences of joint stock companies, and the ease with which managers could act against the interests of the workers and of the public. Under indusrialisation, the owners regarded other human beings as their property. The prime task of the owners was to ensure the financial success of their businesses. This was easier if the costs of labour could be minimised. They felt able to disregard matters that did not appear in their accounts. These attitudes could also be applied to the conditions of workers, working in factories and living in industrial towns. Typically such workers did not have the right to vote. Through limited access to education, it was difficult

Elements of Genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of Genre - Essay Example Thrillers are meant to instill a high sense of excitement in the movie-goer, as well as a good amount of anxiety, high-heart rates, and nervous tension as the characters struggle for survival against both internal and external survival threats. Directors use these elements of tension masterfully on their audiences, and can easily manipulate an audience’s level of anxiety or suspense with clever usage of music, action sequence, and dialogue. Movie-goers willfully oblige the director, eager to suspend belief and throw their emotions into the director’s crafty hands which increase or decrease the related tension and anxiety throughout the film as they bring the audience along for the ride. In three â€Å"thriller/suspense† genre films, â€Å"The Black Lagoon,† â€Å"The Planet of the Apes,† and â€Å"The Shining,† the directors masterfully utilize these elements to build tension and anxiety in the movie-goer. In all three movie clips, there is a noted lack of dialogue and a reliance on music and mood to increase the tension in the scene. The directors use music to build tension and signal to the movie goer that action is about to take place, create a crescendo of tension, and also bring the viewer down from the thrills he or she just experienced.

Globalization of trade and business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalization of trade and business - Essay Example It was in many ways easier to change the focus, and praise the British for leading the world in abolishing the Transatlantic Slave Trade and slavery. There had been an unprecedented campaign by the middle class across the country, which could be turned to national advantage. The Royal Navy was attributed with a new moral mission. We could now paint a picture of slavery as an historic phenomenon, and to contrast it with a modern enlightened citizenship. That would be comfortable and convenient, but false. The tensions between property rights and human rights, which have been discussed since the Ancient Greeks, continue today. Globalisation means that international law now has to rise to meet the challenge of reconciling different traditions. It is not clear that the transition has been fully completed in the UK, as in other countries. Whenever governments emphasise their support for business as a priority, this may be interpreted as possibly implying further adverse consequences for other human beings. There are still silences to be broken. This declared recognition of human rights, as a consequence of abolition and emancipation, was at the expense of property rights and economic freedom for employers. Capitalists could emphasise profit over human rights, and demanded a laissez faire approach to regulation and legislation. Can one human being own another, or must they find ways of working together as fellow citizens Working together requires some kind of mutual recognition as fellow human beings and citizens, on the basis of acceptance of parity of esteem. In turn this assumes some degree of acquaintance and familiarity, meaning that people need experience of more than their own immediate social group. Rigid systems of social class represent obstacles. There is such a thing as society. It is not just a matter of individuals and their families. We need to deal with a wider range of relationships. In addition, we need to recognise the diversity of relationships that can be considered under the same headings. At work, where there are employers and employees, it is hard to envisage a model of citizenship based on full equality. Clearly the power is not equally distributed. In a capitalist society, property rights of the owners have implications for the workers. Adam Smith pointed out the distinction between owners and managers, and complained that the latter group, who are simply one category of employees, can tend to act as if they were the owners. He lamented the consequences of joint stock companies, and the ease with which managers could act against the interests of the workers and of the public. Under indusrialisation, the owners regarded other human beings as their property. The prime task of the owners was to ensure the financial success of their businesses. This was easier if the costs of labour could be minimised. They felt able to disregard matters that did not appear in their accounts. These attitudes could also be applied to the conditions of workers, working in factories and living in industrial towns. Typically such workers did not have the right to vote. Through limited access to education, it was difficult

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925, he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but he failed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos. Steinbecks novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. Throughout high school and college, Steinbeck took summer jobs working as a ranch hand. These jobs were extremely important to his literary career. Memories of his work on ranches would furnish the background for Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck’s grandparents owned ranches in the King City area and in Hollister. Samuel and Eliza Hamilton, his mother’s parents, owned a ranch in the hills east of King City, the southern part of the Salinas Valley. John Steinbeck spent a part of every summer at this ranch, doing chores, taking care of the animals, and exploring the land. A typical day for ranch children began at 5:00 AM. Certain chores needed to be completed before the family and ranch hands had breakfast, including hauling water from the well, feeding the horses, and collecting wood for the stove. The children then walked to school. Some attended a one-room schoolhouse with a teacher, while others gathered at a neighbouring ranch to be taught by mothers and relatives. The children were at school for about four hours before returning home to work on the ranch. The younger children fed and cared for the chickens, goats, or pigs. Older children, about 14 years or older, worked with the adults to harvest the crops or herd the cows. Older girls usually took care of their younger siblings while the adults worked in the fields or the livestock. Ranch families would travel to the nearest town to purchase supplies and ools, go to church, and visit family members. The frequency of these trips depended on how far away they were from town. For example, ranchers in Big Sur would only go to town once every three to six months, depending on the weather and their needs. For many families, this trip took an entire day or longer. Ranchers also received supplies from travelling salesmen, livestock traders, migrant labour, and veterinarians. There were two types of ranches that existed in the Salinas Valley in the 1920s/30s: these ranches could be distinguished from each other by their location in the valley. The first type was located low on the green fertile valley floor. Hill ranches, the second type, were usually nestled up higher in the rocky and dusty terrain of the foothills of the surrounding mountains. The ranches on the valley floor were characteristically agricultural since they had more water. The rich soil and mild year-round climate lent itself to raising the lettuce and vegetables that the Salinas Valley is famous for. The ranch in The Red Pony was modelled after the second type of ranch, the hill ranch. Hill ranches were primarily interested in the cattle industry. Since there was often a shortage of water at the higher elevations, the hill-ranchers raised cattle instead of the thirsty crops that lined the valley floor. These ranches were usually quite a bit further from town than the valley floor ranches, and this added to the hardships brought on by drought years and supply shortages. The Great Depression was the great economic crisis that is said to have been started because of the U. S. stock-market crash in 1929. The prices on the Wall Street stock market fell a lot from October 24 to October 29, 1929. Many people lost their jobs. By 1932, 25–30% of people lost their jobs. They became homeless and poor. This ended the wealth of the Roaring Twenties. Many people think that the Great Depression started on Black Tuesday, but Black Tuesday was just an underlying problem that would help cause the Depression. From 1929-1932, the depression worsened. Many suspect that increased taxes on American citizens and the increased tariffs (taxes on countries that trade with the United States) worsened it. Economist Milton Friedman said that the Great Depression was worsened because the Federal Reserve printed out less money than usual. When the Great Depression started, Herbert Hoover was the president of the United States, and as a result, he was blamed for it. People voted for a new president in 1932. His name was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt got the government to pass many new laws and programs to help people who were hurt by the Great Depression. These programs were called the New Deal. One of these programs was the Civilian Conservation Corps or CCC. The CCC put many young men to work in the outdoors. The men were paid 1 dollar a week to work, and they got free food and shelter. Another one of these programs was called Social Security. Social Security gave old people a small income so they had money for things they needed. The Great Depression was really bad, but with everyones help, it would get better. Between 1939 and 1944, more people had jobs again because of World War II, and the Great Depression came to an end. An important reason for the Great Depression was the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles made the United States very rich. Britain and France both gave large amounts of money to the U. S. , and Germany had to pay a great amount of money for the damage they had done in World War I. However, it was this wealth that began the stock market crash. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, people still had hope. John D. Rockefeller said, These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come and gone. Prosperity has always returned and will again. But soon the bad effects of the depression grew worse and worse. People lost jobs, money, and homes. There were reports that in Germany and the United States, there was great hunger, disease, and even starvation. In previous depressions, farmers were usually safe from the severe effects of a depression because they could at least feed themselves. Unfortunately, during the Great Depression, the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms. Years and years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear. With just topsoil exposed, high winds picked up the loose dirt and whirled it for miles. The dust storms destroyed everything in their paths, leaving farmers without their crops. Small farmers were hit especially hard. Even before the dust storms hit, the invention of the tractor drastically cut the need for manpower on farms. These small farmers were usually already in debt, borrowing money for seed and paying it back when their crops came in. When the dust storms damaged the crops, not only could the small farmer not feed himself and his family, he could not pay back his debt. If you migrated to California during this decade, you were among some 1. 3 million workers who made the trek, according to the University of California-Davis Rural Migration News from 2003. Not only did the states more hospitable temperatures draw farmers, but California also boasted a more diverse array of crops from cotton and peas to lemons and oranges. Once you reached California, you continued to be transient. This was the case because you basically followed the harvest, travelling from place to place to harvest whatever crop was in season. Earlier in the decade, there was a mentality that workers would be provided with the barest means, such as poor food, and then simply sent on their way, according to UC-Davis. With reform, that changed and migrant worker camps were established; essentially, these were a federally sponsored network of camps that provided shelter as well as health care, work counselling and food. Though these camps mandated that workers volunteer a specified amount of time, you didnt just work; you also had opportunities to play, according to the Library of Congress. It reports that there was a sense of culture that flourished in the camp. Music served as one of the biggest recreational activities; popular among workers were traditional Anglo-Celtic ballads, as well as early country works by the likes of Gene Autry. Music was created during this period by artists like Mary Sullivan and Jack Bryant, who documented what it was like to be a migrant in song. If you were a worker travelling from Mexico during this time, or an American of Mexican ethnic origin, you made far less than your white counterparts on the same job, according to the Oakland Museum of California. That being said, you still earned more in the states than you did in Mexico during this time. Mexican-American migrants patched together shelter from anything they could find, be it burlap, canvas or branches. Though its estimated that in the 1920s, 75% of migrant workers were of Mexican origin, as the country fell into the Great Depression, white workers took over their jobs, leaving many Mexican-Americans unemployed. Your work options expanded with the advent of World War II. For this reason, migrant work became far less necessary and, in turn, far less desirable. Many former migrant workers, according to the Library of Congress, went overseas to serve in the war. Still others supported the war effort stateside, taking on positions at coastal shipyards or at defence plants. The average family income dropped 40 percent between 1929 and 1933, and while men took second jobs or searched for better-paying employment in an oversaturated market, most of their wives stayed home and struggled with what Eleanor Roosevelt called endless little economies and constant anxieties. At the bottom of the middle class, women worried about losing their homes and falling back into the class of renters in Indianapolis, more than half the families with mortgages had defaulted on them by 1934. Those higher on the economic ladder simply had to figure out how to keep up appearances without the help of servants (an ad for bleach showed a pair of elegant hands in a tub of dirty laundry and asked: doing it yourself these days? ) The marriage rate dropped. The nation declared a truce in its war on spinsterhood, and magazines once again ran articles about women who found happiness in life without a husband. Live Alone And Like It was a bestseller. Do you realize how many people in my generation are not married? asked Elsa Ponselle, who was working as a teacher when the Chicago school system ran out of money and started paying its staff in IOUs. Her own boyfriend, a commercial artist, vanished when he was laid off from his job. Societys fight against contraceptives came to a virtual halt as well, partly because of national outcries against women on the dole who continued to have babies. In 1936, the federal court struck down all federal restrictions against birth control, in a case memorably named U. S. v One Package of Japanese Pessaries. The birth rate plunged so low that for the first time in American history the nation was not replacing itself. Bertha Thompson, who called herself Boxcar Bertha’, estimated that 500,000 to 2 million people were hoboes in the 1930s, and that perhaps a tenth of them were women. Most travelled in pairs, Thompson said, either with a man or another woman. But mainly, the women who took to the roads were with their families. Peggy Terry, who travelled as a migrant worker, remembered seeing a Hooverville in Oklahoma. Here were all these people living in old, rusted-out car bodies. I mean that was their home. There were people living in shacks made of orange crates. One family with a whole lot of kids were living in a piano box. This wasnt just a little section: this was maybe ten miles long and ten miles wide. The issue of whether married women should work was chewed over constantly in the newspapers and womens magazines, with the consensus coming down on the side of not. A federal law, passed during the Depression, prohibited the employment of married persons whose spouses also worked for the government. Of the people forced to quit, three quarters were women (Eleanor Roosevelt called the law a very bad and foolish thing government salaries, she argued, were so low, a family needed two incomes just to get along). Legislators in twenty-six states introduce laws completely banning the hiring of married women, although only Louisiana actually passed a law, and it was quickly declared unconstitutional. More than three quarters of the nations public school districts refused to hire married teachers unless they were male. Despite all this, the number of married women who worked continued to increase throughout the decade. Although most of these women struggled to keep poor families above water, a number were middle class and were attempting to preserve the good things they had gotten used to since World War I like electric lights and gas stoves, and the ability to keep their children in school. It was an important cultural shift that sent women into the workforce in larger and larger numbers. And for all the endless debate about whether or not it was good for society, the issue was resolved not by social theorists but by the wives themselves, determined that they and their families would not only survive but also move up. The 1930s were a turbulent time for race relations in America. Despite the decline of such organizations as the Ku Klux Klan (which had enjoyed renewed support during the 1910s and 1920s) racism was as strong as ever in the Southern states. Furthermore, as this picture alludes to, the increased presence of Black Americans in Northern cities (where many had migrated during WWII and especially during the Depression) resulted in increased tension between the races there as well. This image of a drunken African-American passed out in the middle of the city reflects the apprehension, which many rich white New Yorkers felt at the presence of so many blacks in what they considered to be their city. Many New Deal programs gave black Americans opportunities they had often lacked in the past, while also helping to bring their daily struggles to light for Northerners. Such federal programs as The Federal Music Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers project enabled black artists to find word during the depression, often times creating art or stories, which portrayed the historic and present situation of blacks in the South. Projects chronicling the lives of former slaves were also begun under the auspices of these programs. At the same time competition for WPA (Works Project Administration) jobs in the South during the thirties also brought to light the persistence of inequality even in the government. Since the WPA required that eligible employees not have refused any private sector jobs at the prevailing wage for such jobs, African-Americans (who were paid less on average than whites in the South) might be refused WPA jobs which whites were eligible for. Such discrimination often extended to Hispanic-Americans in the Southwest as well. Despite such difficulties, WPA head Harry Hopkins worked with NAACP leaders to prevent discrimination whenever possible resulting in general support for the programs (and the government) by the black community. Black Americans also received increased visibility during this decade for less auspicious reasons, resulting in bitter political conflict within the Democratic Party. While the South had been solidly Democratic since the Civil War, the Roosevelt administration actively appealed to African-Americans to join their party, thus alienating many Southerners. The growing divide between Northern and Southern Democrats over the issue of race came to a head in April 1937, when a bitter fight over an anti-lynching bill took place in the House of Representatives. In the wake of a gruesome double lynching in Mississippi (only one of more than a hundred that had taken place since 1930) The House passed the anti-lynching resolution, despite the opposition of all but one Southern member. Declaring that the South had been deserted by the Democrats of the North, former Roosevelt supporters in the Senate carried out a six-week long filibuster that resulted in the withdrawal of the bill in February 1938. This bitter political fight was indicative of the racism and regional conflict still firmly in-trenched in America in the 1930s.

Personal Reflection In Research Study Skills English Language Essay

Personal Reflection In Research Study Skills English Language Essay In this essay am going to write my personal reflection on what I have learnt in research study skills. This will include some assessment of my personal learning style and strengths and weaknesses, an estimated work plan for my completion of the degree, and the strategy I intend to adopt for future essay writing. Research Study Skills has taught me the difference between a book review and a book report. Even though it might take me a while to learn how to write using the correct and the best format laid out in lesson 7 I believe that by the time I am finished with this course, I will be able to write excellent reviews and reports. I have also discovered some ideas on how to write a report and a review. Therefore this lesson makes a clear explanation about these two subject matters. The lesson also gives simple ways and forms of writing reports and reviews. PERSONAL LEARNING STYLE I enjoy memorising academic concepts and ideas. I love to be challenged mentally, because it stimulates my thought patterns and enables me quickly discover academic concepts. This also helps me to retain as much academic information as possible. I like discussing issues from different viewpoints. My other way of learning is through research and visual aid. I enjoy reading topics of interest and if I find a video documentary on that topic, I get so stimulated to watch it as this enhances my remembrance of all that I have previously read in my research studies. I also like to study and discuss academic theories with others. Meanings of new and challenging words are very fascinating to me and I love to listen more than speaking. I prefer to write down an answer than speak it out. I find myself remembering more when am writing than when I am speaking. There are a lot of information I have come to know since I started this course, and this has helped me learn to how to write better essays , construct sentences properly, and the use of appropriate information for a particular assignment. I commend the research study skills book to be a very useful resource that can help any aspiring student to use it if they want to get the best results in essay writing. Most people overlook the subject on research study skills simply because they do not see the benefit of it. STRENGTHS I am quick at discovering new concepts and I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t easily give up because I try to do my best to present the best form of work. I refuse to be called a failure because I always want to try again and again and I love to see others excel in their work. When choosing essays, I love to pick tough questions rather than simple ones. I cherish discovering new ideas for myself. I find it exciting to write book reports and reviews and also reading academic books apart from the Bible. My written work is often organised and I also try to make it interesting and different. My special interest is to research on different subject matters, especially matters to do with church history, world history and cultural history. I am never satisfied until I learn something new from that subject I am researching on. WEAKNESSES I sometimes struggle to understand what the question is all about in an essay. I also mix up the meanings of certain words. I easily forget what comes first in a bibliography or footnote. I often want the lecturer to give me an example before I can attempt to do it myself. I find it hard to put quotes in my work unless if I am helped by someone who knows how to put quotes in their essays. I get frustrated, with a subject that I do not seem to understand or follow. I sometimes, concentrate more on one subject and neglect the other ones. My sources are often limited because I do not expand my research and I never try to think of ways to search for them. WORK PLAN I have put down a chart and on that chart I have written down every subject I am doing this term and the assignments in those subjects. I have laid down a plan to work on one assignment per week and this time I will use more sources and learn how to use citations. I have decided to write good essays this term and to go through the research and study skills book over and over again to help me understand the correct principles of writing a good and excellent essay. I have set a deadline for every one of my assignments apart from the one given by the Lecturer. I set a timetable of how am going to involve my studies and other schedules. The idea of handing in an assignment per week fits well in my timetable. I have also put of things that were wasting my time when I should have been doing my assignments. I have to learn to allow my mind to get used to a working plan that is consistent. I plan to make use of every opportunity in my busy schedule to write down some points about the topic I am dealing with in the essay. POINTS TO REMEBER IN MY WORK PLAN I will remember to use the same format throughout my work I will write the correct information in every assignment I will first choose a particular essay that I want to work on. Find out or define the problem. Write a bibliography for that particular essay. Approach the question from every angle using different resources and books by different authoritative writers. Always begin with an introduction Always have conclusion in my essay unless if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a book report. Explain the meaning of a new word in the essay. Use quotes and reference them correctly giving credit to the person who quoted it. Always use the right methodology of writing. Never repeat a statement more than once. No plagiarising, but always put the work in my own words and understanding. Always use the correct format when writing footnotes. Remember the difference between bibliographies and footnotes. Use accurate and up to date resources. Understand the question. Always check the spelling of words. Have one systematic way of writing my essays. Have a continuous and correct form of connecting sentences. Always put sub-headings in the body. Allow the lecturer to look at the essay before final submission. Never leave spaces in between one paragraph to another. STRATEGY The hand book provides a very useful and simple form of writing excellent essays. In the future, I plan to write essays in a systematic way and not mixed up information. Before I write an essay, I will first choose a topic or question that I think I would easily research on. Secondly, I will expand my search for sources, I will use internet, libraries and educational places like museums and art galleries. Thirdly, I will write essays that will capture the marker or examinerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention. Fourthly, I will collect sources required for the assignment in advance. I will also make sure the sources are useful for that particular subject. I will make sure I understand what I am writing about. I will imagine myself being present in that piece of work like a writer imagines him or herself being present in every event of the story he or she is writing. Finally, I will always start and finish my assignments before the due date and critically view and answer the question being de alt with. CONCLUSION Writing this reflection has helped me to write effective and productive essays. I will take it as my top priority to improve my essay writing. The lessons learnt through this essay will be used in future essay writing and also help in research purposes. Having a written work plan will help me remember principles that need to be applied in my essay writing.

Here is a brief overview of some of the individuals who contributed to

Here is a brief overview of some of the individuals who contributed to the revolution in physics and psychology. THE REVOLUTION IN PHYSICS & PSYCHOLOGY X-rays & radiation On November 8, 1895, a German physicist named Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered x-rays. He placed a vacuum tube with a wire attached to each end inside a black box, creating a discharge tube. He turned the lights off in the lab and turned on the electrical current with a very high voltage across the tube. A short distance away he noticed a glowing fluorescent light. Roentgen did not know the origin of these rays, therefore he called them "x-rays." As he continued experimenting on these rays, he discovered that the rays could penetrate books and wood. He concluded that these "x-rays" where from the discharge tube. When the discovery of x-rays was announced, stories and poems were published in magazines and newspapers. X-rays are used in many ways, such as in medicine ( CAT scans and MRI's), industry, science, etc. X-rays also have dangers and side effects such as cancer, skin burns, hair loss, and other serious conditions due to the extremely high voltage. In 1902, Ernest Rutherford discovered that at least two types of radiation existed. He labeled these types of radiation alpha particles and beta particles. Rutherford also discovered that radiation was caused by the disintegration of atoms and suggested that immense stores of energy were present within atoms. In 1911, he announced his version of the structure of the atom. He proved that the atom has a very small, tightly packed, charged nucleus. With all of Rutherford's contributions and discoveries in science and radiation, he was president of the Royal Society, rece... ...ating force in human life. This causes compensatory mechanisms that result in self-centered neurotic attitudes. Rank came up with a theory of neurosis, indicating all neurotic disturbances to the trauma of birth. The psychoanalytic movement affected work in psychology, sociology, anthropology, religious studies, history, and literary theory. Works Cited - http://sirius.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xrutherf.html> - http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise/default.asp?vs=x97&la=na&ty=1&vo=17&ti=02c88000> - http://encarta/msn.com/find/concise/default.asp?vs=x97&la=na&ty=1&vo=34&ti=064fb000> - http://www.pathfinder.com/Life/millennium/61.html> - http:/encarta.msn.com/find/concise/default.asp?vs=x97&la=na&ty=1&vo=37&ti=06aff000> - Kagan, Donald. The Western Heritage Brief Edition Vol. II: Since 1648. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996.

Oskar Schindler: A Hero Study Essay -- essays research papers

CONFLICT AND RELEVANT BACKGROUND Oskar Schindler faced many conflicts in his life. The main conflict he faced was overcoming the Nazis and saving over one thousand Jewish People. Schindler, with out a job at the time, joined the Nazi Party and followed on the heels of the SS when the Germans invaded Poland. This is when Schindler took over two previously Jewish owned companies that dealt with the manufacture and sales of enamel kitchenware products and opened up his own enamel shop right outside of Krakow near the Jewish ghetto. There, he employed mostly Jewish workers, which saved them from being deported to labor camps. Though twice the Gestapo arrested him, he got released because of his many connections and with many bribes. Most importantly, he helped save an entire race of human beings. CHRONICLER AND MEDIA We know of Oskar Schindler through many different types of the media. We know of him through the television, newspapers, books, and by word of mouth through the Jewish people he had saved. There was even a movie based on Oskar Schindler called Schindler’s List. There are several books about him, many were even written by some of the Jews he saved themselves. EPIC HERO ELEMENTS IN THE LIFE OF OSCAR SCHINDLER Oskar Schindler was born on April 28, 1908 in Zwitlau, which is now part of the present day Czech Republic, to his father and mother, Hans and Louisa Schindler. They were a deeply religious family, which resulted in a strong catholic household for Oskar and his younger sister Elfriede. The Schindler family was one of the richest and most prominent in Zwitlau and elsewhere. Mostly due to the success of their family owned machinery business. Oskar Schindler wasn’t necessarily born of noble birth. He was basically an ordinary guy, especially when his father lost his business, who did extraordinary deeds for people who he has never even met. One can also see how Schindler was a hero in is character traits. Schindler was always thoughtful and humane in dealing with Jews. He saved the most Jewish people during World War II. The society at that point of time was going downhill and almost came to a big crash. Hitler could have destroyed a whole race of people if it wasn’t for the help of Oskar Schindler. Although he did join the Nazi’s, Schindler still had a heart and a mind to know what Adolf Hitler was doing was wrong and immoral and to try and he... ...ers. Further more, there is a universal theme, such as good and evil. The good would definitely be Oskar Schindler who helped the Jewish people and didn’t need, nor want any type of reward for it. The evil side would be Adolf Hitler who was trying to kill an entire race just because of their religion, believing that they were the evil ones. He only thought this way because he was ignorant of the Jewish religion, and other types of people, and therefore feared them, which caused him to hate and want to kill them all. At the end though, as it is most commonly believed to be the evil should die and the good should live. Though most of the Jews died, a few thousand still lived while the evil side, Adolf Hitler, died by committing suicide. DEATH OF OSKAR SCHINDLER Oskar Schindler died in October 1974, and is buried in the Latin cemetery on Mount Zion, Jerusalem. Over one thousand Jews owe their lives to this singular man. On his grave, there lie many stones, each from many Jews who he saved and many other Jews who think of him as hero. I do not know he died how he died exactly but it is basically from natural causes. Schindler is still adored as a hero from many of the Jewish people.

Positive Effects On Social Media Essay

I believe that their is a postitive affect in social media because it builds up confidence and allows people to stay organized and in the loop. It has been around since the 80’s. In an interesting DM article apparently 30 million of us who use the internet visit social networking websites such as Myspace, Facebook, and Bebo. Social media can also help find a missing person. The first reason social media has helped is because it lets you stay in touch with friends and family. You can get to know other students at your school or stay connected with other people who share a common interest. It also helps strengthen long distance relationships. For example, I have a friend whose parents got divorced and his dad lives far away from him. He said, â€Å"The only way we can communicate is through facebook†. I personally think facebook is a neat website that can help with communication. In the article â€Å"Teens in Survey Paint Positive Picture of Effect of Social Media on Their lives† I read that â€Å"Half of teens said social networks have helped their friendship† and I also agree with this. The second reason that it has helped is that it keeps us up to date with what’s going on. A reporter from a social media article stated that â€Å"Many teens express an almost-like wearness with the pressures of constant texting and posting involved in their lives†. People post and text online to express themselves. I talked to my sister this morning, and asked her how social media has helped her in life and she said â€Å"It provides me reminders for meets or practices for cross country†. I thought that was really intersting and I also believe it helps teachers with things like that too. Since theyre always busy and forget things I think they need some kind of reminder to remind them. see more:cause and effect of social media Finally, the third reason that social media has helped is that it makes you feel less lonely or if you’re not having a good day talking to your friends online can change your mood for the day. In the same social media article it said, â€Å"Many teenagers say that using social networking sites makes them feel more confident, popular, out going, and sympathetic to others†. So this is why social media is helpful for your life and others. Most parents I know and some teachers think social media has a negative perspective on it thinking it’s just a waste of time. But in cases like having communication with far away relatives, getting reminders or just by expressing yourself can bring a postive effort in your life style.

My last farewell Essay

My Last Farewell (Mi Ultimo Adios) Farewell, dear fatherland, clime the sun caress’d, Peal of the Orient seas, our Eden lost! Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life’s best, And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest, Still would I give three, not count the cost. On the field of battle, ‘mid the frenzy of fight, Others have given their lives, without doubt or beed; The place not matters—cypress or laurel or lily white, Scafold or open plain, combat or martyrdom’s plight, ‘Tis ever the same, to serve our home and country’s need. I die just when I see the dawn break Though the gloom of night, to herald the day; And if color is lacking my blood thy shalt take, Pour’d out at need for they dear sake, To dye with its crimson the waking ray. My dreams, when life first opened to me, My dreams when the hopes of youth beat high, Were to see thy lov’d face, O gem of the Orient sea, From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eyes. Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, All hail! Crisis the soul that is now to take fight; All hail! And sweet it is for thee to expire; To die for thy sake, that thou may’st aspire; And sleep in thy blossom eternity’s long night. If over my grave some day thou seest grow, In the grassy sod, a humble flower, Draw to thy lips and kiss my soul so, While I feel in my brow in the cold tomb below The tough of thy tenderness, thy breath’s warm power. Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes, Let the wind sad lament over me keen; And if on my cross a bird should be seen, Let it thrill there is hymn of peace to my aches. Let the sun draw vapos up to the sky, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest; Let some kind soul o’er my untimely fate sigh, And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high From there, O my country, that in God I may rest. Pray for all those that hapless have died, For all who have suffered the unmeasr’d pain; For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried; For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried; And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain. And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around, With only the dead in their vigil to see; Break not my repose of thy mystery profound, And perchance thou mayst bear a sad hymn resound; ‘Tis I, O my country, raising a song unto thee. When even my grace is remembered no more, Unmark’d by never a cross not a stone; Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o’er, That my ashes may carpet thy earthly floor, Before into nothingness at last they are blown. Then will oblivion bring me no care, As over thy wales and plains I sweep; Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air, With color and light, with song and lament I fare, Ever repeating the faith I keep. My fatherland ador’d, that sadness to my sorrow lends, Beloved Filipino, hear now my last goodbye! I give thee all; parents and kindred friends; For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends, Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e’er on high! Farewell to all, from my soul torn away, Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed! Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day! Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way; Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Assignment Example This programmed cell death is called apoptosis; where cells deliberately destroy themselves. The events around the death are controlled by the nuclear genes. It begins with the breaking of the chromosomal DNA into fragments then the breakdown of the nucleus. Ultimately after time the cell shrinks and is fed on by the neighboring cells and macrophages. Cells that are damaged for some reason like DNA alteration or infection undergo programmed death. The process removes lethal cells which could lead to undesired mutation or viral spread. The cell might as well die for reasons like starvation, trauma, or asphyxiate. (Geoffrey and Robert, 97 ) Programmed cell death plays a very major role in maintaining the life and health of organisms. It is a normal part of embryonic development. For instance, the fingers and toes of a human are webbed when in the embryonic stage. Through cell death, the webbing is removed through apoptosis. The immune and nervous systems are also largely developed thro ugh the same process. (Wayne, 24) The process of apoptosis involves a variety of intra and extra cellular stimuli. When it is induced by extra-cellular factors, it is triggered by cell surface death receptors. These death receptors have cytoplasmic death domains (FADD and TRADD). They are typified by the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily which includes tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1), TNF related apoptosis – inducing ligand recptor 1 (TRAILR-1), death receptor 3ectodermal dysplasia receptor (EDAR), nerve growth receptor and the cytotoxic T-cell proteins like perforin and granzyme-B. The FAS receptor is found on the surface of the cell (on the chromosome) and it leads to programmed cell death. Apoptosis uses it as a pathway. It also uses the mitochondrial pathway (Geoffrey and Cooper, 46) Apoptosis is driven by the impetus of enzymes from the regulated family proteolytic enzymes called caspases. Caspases are made up of upstream (initiator) caspases which are normal ly activated by death receptor signalosomes, casase 9, activated by the mitochondrial cytochrome derived apoptosome; downstream caspases (effectors) which cleave the involved proteins. Interaction with death receptor cytoplasmic death inducing signaling complexes that contain FAS-associating death domain activates caspases 2, 8 and 10. The receptors are activated by ligands involved in signaling cell death hence supporting cell selection, homeostasis, and morphogenesis and host defense (Carlo, 16) Death receptor ligands include Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor alpha, NF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis, TNF-related molecule 1 and nerve growth factor. The ligand is a homotrimetic type II transmembrane protein of the TNF family. It induces apoptosis through trimetization hence playing an important role in the regulation of immune system. It also has a role in the progression of cancer. It is the Fas ligand that forms the death inducing signalin g complex (DISC). Caspase-8 is released from DISC to the cytosol and it cleaves the other effector caspases. This leads to DNA degradation, membrane blebbing and other events that are associated with apoptosis. It is suggested that the extrinsic Fas pathway on its own can induce apoptosis in certain cell types. These cells are dubbed Type 1 cells and are characterized by the inability of the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2

Unit 1 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 1 Individual Project - Essay Example This encompasses the specific allocation of goods for individuals and households. For an individual, it can be as simple as choosing the activity for the day. For a business organization, it includes the setting of the price level for a product or service and finding the equilibrium quantity which can maximize the profit to be generated. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, is more comprehensive as it involves the examination of the performance of the economy as a whole. Instead of simply looking at a single business organization, this means focusing on the entire industry taking into account all industry players regardless of size or bargaining power (Cybereconomics 2008). An example of the macroeconomics is the determination of the factors which causes the increase in the Gross Domestic Production of China which has showed significant growth in the recent years. Being the vice president for sales for a reputable business organization, I am responsible for the purchasing decision for the company. At other times, I also handle the recruitment and application processing for prospective employees. These tasked have allowed me to utilize microeconomics in making my decisions. The purchase of input for the company’s operation has a lot of implication for the price of the product that we manufacture and in turn, the level of profit that we generate. Employing the skills and techniques that I have learned in microeconomics, I always make sure that I am buying inputs at the lowest possible cost which includes minimizing the cost per item, cost of ordering, and cost of handling the inventory. I make use of the economic quantity model which really helped our business organization maximize profits by the elimination of unwanted cost. The macroeconomics portion concerns my task in hiring prospective applicants. When searching for the right person for the job, I look beyond the knowledge and the skill of the candidate and also look at the people working for

Thirteen Days Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thirteen Days - Research Paper Example He is facing world war 3 in the near future. They have to come up with a quick plan on how to stop the war heads from being operational. President Kennedy does not want to invade Cuba, though the chiefs of staff really think that invading Cuba would be the best solution at the moment. He says the same course of events led to the break out World War 1. This time the risks were high because nuclear weapons were involved. They settle on blockade as the first measure which technically is an act of war that would help remove the missiles from Cuba as well as avoid war. They agree not to call it a blockade but quarantine. This is where the US navy ships will stop any ships that enter Cuban water for inspection to make sure they are not carrying any lethal weapons into Cuba. Cuban ambassador to the US at first assures president Kennedy that there are weapons in Cuba but they are only for defensive but not offensive purposes, which the president sees as lies and sends US ambassador to the UN Mr. Aldai Stevenson to a council meeting where he roughs up the Cuban ambassador with questions to categorically state if whether there are nuclear weapons placed in Cuba by the Soviet Union or not. The ambassador avoids the questions and says that the American government was spreading malicious information to incite nations. Throughout the entire process president Kennedy is pressurized by the chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staffs, General Maxwell Taylor to hasten an invasion before the whole chance of removing the missiles from Cuba become impossible. The president does not wish to subject innocent American citizens to an act world war 3. But all the same information starts spreading fast across all the American states about the possibility of a world war 3 which drives a major panic to the people who now shop for food stuff and other things in plenty just case a war breaks

How was Nazi Concentration Camp worser than Soviet Concentration Camps Movie Review

How was Nazi Concentration Camp worser than Soviet Concentration Camps - Movie Review Example They killed millions of people for political gains. In the end, it all boils down to quality vs. quantity. Under which regime did more people died? Vs. which regime killed more brutally? The popular perception is that perhaps Stalin regime probably killed far more people than the Nazis. But records from relevant sources (scholars from Poland, Israel and Germany) show that Stalin regime killed far less people than Nazis. The Nazi regime focused their attention on one race. Holocaust was targeted towards Jews and the majority of them were tortured to death or died from starvation. Stalin regime did kill millions of people in Gulag but these numbers are far less than Nazi killings. There is a certain reason as to why the Holocaust is considered far worse than the crimes committed by the Stalin. Labeling an entire race of people as ‘outcasts’ is more brutal than finding political excuses to take people’s lives. People who suffered under Stalin regime probably could have found an excuse to spare their lives by paying strict taxes but Jews had no chance under Hitler’s rein. They were either supposed to flea of die. It is sad and satirical to count dead bodies and claim a winner in this debate. Numbers of killings doesn’t matter. It’s about human lives and tragedy that was hammered down upon people living in both countries. Some people say that the number in Stalin camps were far more than the people at Nazi concentration camp. But when a loved one is lost, it is only the family that actually suffers and knows how much it hurts. For instance the argument about the number of people who were murder at Treblinka; whether they were 780,862 or 780,863 doesn’t make much sense. It is a huge number and the tragedy doesn’t subside by thinking that it is a huge number. The individual life matters and there is no truth beyond that. All these people were humans and they left loved ones to mourn their death. Nazis killed much more people than

The Novelty of Whole Foods Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Novelty of Whole Foods Market - Essay Example The Net Income was $203.8 million and the annual growth was 49.5%. It employs 39,500 people worldwide and is free of unions. (Hoovers). This is a result of its clear Management Strategies. Â  Determining the strategic drivers of the company is the primary task of top management. This mission is aided by PEST and SWOT Analysis. With this assessment, objectives are set. This involves the formulation of Vision Statements, Mission Statements, Corporate Objectives, Strategic Business Units, and Tactical Objectives. These objectives suggest a strategic plan. The plan provides the details of how to achieve these objectives. Once the plan is formulated it needs to be implemented. The implementation process must be detailed to the minutest degree as this is the crux of the whole strategy. (Thompson Arthur A.,) Â  WFM’s mission statement has been spelled out as the stakeholder philosophy. For them it is customers first, then the team members, balanced with what’s good for other stakeholders, such as shareholders, vendors, the community, and the environment. (Corporate Board Member, January/February 2007). These are the core values of the company that has been followed with exceptional zeal throughout their corporate history. It must be said that the leadership has played a vital role in this outcome. Â  The Chairman and CEO John P. Mackey was named the 2003 Overall National Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. This a tribute to his overall commitment that has keyed up the whole company for almost three decades. His handling of delicate issues like the confrontation with Michael Pollan, author of The Omnivores Dilemma, both in person and through his blogs, (Mackey. John), and his statement on Conscious Capitalism has gone down well with both the customers as well as Wall Street. He has stated that conscious capitalism is in harmony with all interest and each stakeholder, be it the customer, worker or shareholder.

Comparison Thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison Thoughts - Essay Example CONTEST is the UK government’s strategy for responding to the threat of terrorism. Basically, the strategy focuses on countering the aspirations of terrorists in using â€Å"chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CRBN)†. According to The Home Office (2010), CONTEST works with the 4Ps strategy which involves preventing, pursuing, protecting, and preparing for terrorist attacks. Essentially, the strategy aims at preventing people from becoming terrorists and extremists, pursuing and stopping people with terrorist intentions, protecting people from terrorist attacks, and preparing for actions to be taken in case of an attack. In the United States, the Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) under the Department of Defense is the organ charged with countering CRBN attacks. According to Department of Defense (2013) the principle focus of the CBDP is on preventing, protecting, mitigating, responding, and recovering from CBRN threats. The key strategies are to equip the war fighter with necessary preventive and protective skills, counter imminent threats, and maintain infrastructure for countering these threats. However, unlike CONTENT, the CBDP focuses most of its efforts on protecting the war fighter and then the nation, while the former focuses on the protection of the civilians (Department of Defense, 2013). In this sense, the CBDP should try and emulate CONTENT and focus more on civilians’ safety. In order to succeed in the 4Ps strategy, CONTEST collects current intelligence on probable attacks and assesses the level of terrorism risk and the vulnerability of the country to such attacks. The intelligence collected also helps CONTEST in tracking down terrorist organizations and their intentions to use CRBN materials on people. Consequently, security agencies pursue and neutralize such threats. In the United States, the CBDP uses bio-surveillance to collect data